Which group’s values and beliefs challenge the larger culture?

The answer is B, as counterculture specifically refers to a group whose values and beliefs explicitly oppose or challenge the dominant culture of a society. Countercultures reject the mainstream cultural norms and values, often advocating for alternative lifestyles, ideologies, or practices that stand in contrast to those widely accepted by the larger society.

This distinction is important as countercultures actively resist conformity and promote change or dissent, often leading to social movements or significant cultural shifts. Their presence can create visible tensions within the broader culture, highlighting disparities in values, beliefs, and practices.

In contrast, cultural universals are elements found in every human culture, subcultures are groups that maintain their unique values and practices within the larger culture without necessarily opposing it, and material culture refers to the physical objects and artifacts created or used by a society. These categories do not inherently challenge the dominant culture in the manner that countercultures do.