Which field of study focuses on the culture of humans across all periods of time?

The field of study that focuses on the culture of humans across all periods of time is anthropology. Anthropology is a comprehensive discipline that examines the full range of human experiences, from our biological evolution to the development of cultures and societies. It encompasses various subfields, including cultural anthropology, which specifically studies social practices, norms, and beliefs, as well as archaeological anthropology, which investigates past human cultures through material remains. This holistic approach allows anthropologists to explore cultural diversity, historical continuity, and the dynamic nature of human societies through both contemporary and historical lenses.

While the other fields mentioned—political science, sociology, and history—each have their specific focuses, they do not encapsulate the entirety of human culture across all time periods like anthropology does. Political science primarily studies governmental systems and political behavior, sociology emphasizes social interactions and institutions, and history focuses on the systematic investigation of past events. Thus, anthropology stands out as the discipline dedicated to understanding the full spectrum of human culture throughout time.