What term refers to the variations in cultural patterns and elements between and within societies?

Cultural diversity refers to the variety of cultural patterns, practices, and elements that exist both between different societies and within the same society. This concept encompasses a wide range of cultural expressions, including language, art, customs, and beliefs, highlighting how distinct and varied human experiences can be across the globe.

Cultural diversity is important to understand because it acknowledges the richness of different cultures and promotes an appreciation for the unique perspectives and traditions that different groups possess. In today's globalized world, recognizing and embracing cultural diversity can foster better communication and mutual respect among individuals from various backgrounds. This understanding is vital in addressing issues related to intercultural interactions and social harmony.

In contrast, cultural universals refer to elements that are common to all human cultures, highlighting shared aspects, while cultural patterns focus more on specific expressions within a particular culture. Material culture relates to the physical objects and artifacts produced by a society, which are only a part of the broader cultural landscape.