What is gentrification in urban sociology?

Gentrification refers to the process whereby urban neighborhoods, often those that are lower in economic status and infrastructure, undergo revitalization and renovation. This process typically involves an influx of more affluent residents who move into these areas, often leading to improvements in housing, shops, and public services. Such changes can enhance the aesthetic and functional qualities of the neighborhood, making it more attractive and often increasing property values.

The phenomenon is characterized not just by the physical renovations to buildings but also by the shift in the community’s socio-economic makeup. This transformation can lead to tensions between long-term residents and newcomers, particularly regarding displacement, as rising rents and property values can uproot existing communities. The other options do not capture the essence of gentrification; they focus on aspects like decline, immigration integration, or the establishment of parks, which do not effectively describe the process of neighborhood transformation associated with gentrification.