What are the primary factors affecting urbanization?

The correct choice highlights the multifaceted influences on urbanization, emphasizing economic, social, and political factors. Economic factors play a crucial role as they drive migration to urban areas in search of job opportunities, better living standards, and improved access to services. When economies grow, cities often become centers of commerce and industry, attracting individuals seeking employment.

Social factors also significantly impact urbanization as changes in societal norms, population growth, and urban lifestyle preferences push individuals towards cities. Urban areas typically offer amenities, educational opportunities, and healthcare services that may not be as accessible in rural settings.

Political factors contribute as well; government policies and regulations can either encourage or limit urban development. For example, infrastructure investment, housing policies, and urban planning can greatly affect how cities expand and function.

The other options, while relevant, do not capture the comprehensive nature of urbanization. Geographic location and transportation certainly influence city growth but are more about the context rather than the driving forces. Cultural practices and traditions may affect urban life and community dynamics, but they do not inherently cause urbanization. Technological advancements are important but are a subset of the economic factors that mainly drive urbanization rather than standalone influences.